Phase distribution of elements in ferromanganese nodules of the Kara Sea

The relation of nonferrous metals and other elements to the main mineral phases in iron–manganese ore is a matter of interest in theoretical and practical terms and has long been discussed by experts. However, opinions on this issue diverge due to the vast variety of conditions of ore formation. This is particularly applicable to ferromanganese nodules of the Kara Sea. The results published here demonstrate that the ferromanganese nodules of the Arctic seas accumulate the same range of elements as pelagic ocean nodules, but in different concentrations and proportions: the contents of most ore elements is decreased by a significant influx of clastic material.