Features of etiological structure and clinical characteristics of main types of helminths in Zaporizhia oblast

Objective is to analyze the etiological structure of helminthiases in Zaporizhzhia region over the past ten years and the clinical features of dirofilariasis and echinococcosis.Material and methods. The detection of helminth infections in the Zaporizhia region was analyzed over the 2008–2017 period according to the parasitological department of the Zaporizhia Regional Laboratory Center of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service. Clinical and laboratory data were analyzed in 136 patients with dirofilariasis and 36 patients with echinococcosis, which were found in Zaporizhia region during the specified observation period. Statistical data processing was performed using the existing patient database in the STATISTICA for Windows 6.0 program (StatSoft Inc., No. AXXR712D833214FAN5).Results. In the etiological structure of helminthiasis in Zaporizhia region during the last 10 years, significantly exceeds enterobiosis (97,8%), which reflects the general patterns of the destruction of the population by helminths in Ukraine. In the structure of other helminthiasis, with the exception of enterobiosis, ascariasis geohelminths (42,3%) and trichocephalosis (21,3%) prevail. Dirofilariasis caused by Dirofilaria repens is registered annually in Zaporizhia region and its share in the structure of other helminthiasis, with the exception of enterobiosis, is 14,7%. An analysis of 136 cases of dirofilariasis showed that adults (95,6%) often suffer from dirofilariasis with frequent localization of Dirofilaria repens in the subcutaneous tissue of the eyelids and eye area (45,6%), as well as the subcutaneous tissue of the face (26,5%). It is shown that echinococcosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus is registered annually in the Zaporizhia region and its share in the structure of other helminth infections, with the exception of enterobiosis, is 4,0%. Echinococcosis was predominantly diagnosed in adults (91,7%), women were more often infected (75,0%), while 61,1% of patients had an epidemiological risk of infection with this helminthiasis. Localization of echinococcus cysts was predominantly in the liver (80,6%), 11,1% had echinococcosis of the lungs, and 8,3% of multiple echinococcal cysts of the liver and lungs were diagnosed. The results of instrumental methods were the main ones in identifying hydatic cysts, since antibodies to Echinococcus granulosus were positive in only 61,1% of patients.Conclusions. In Zaporizhia region for the past 10 years, contact helminthiasis enterobiosis (97,8%) significantly dominates in the etiological structure of helmintosis. Ascariasis (42,3%) and trichocephalosis (21,3%) predominate in the structure of other helminthoses, with the exception of enterobiosis. The proportion of dirofilariasis caused by Dirofilaria repens is 14,7%, which is characterized by the most frequent damage to adults (95,6%) with localization of helminth in the subcutaneous tissue of the eyelids and eye area (45,6%) and subcutaneous tissue of the face (26,5%). The proportion of echinococcosis is 4%, adults are more often sick (91,7%), with localization of hydatid cysts mainly in the liver (80,6%).