Hospital and procedure incidence of pediatric retained surgical items.

Abstract Background Prevention of retained surgical items (RSIs) is the main objective of the World Health Organization “Guidelines for Safe Surgery” (WHO/GSS) 2008 to improve patient safety. Methods We analyzed Kids' Inpatient Database 1997–2009 for RSI in patients aged versus metropolitan location based on per 100,000 admissions. Results Overall, 713 cases were identified with a mean (standard deviation) age of 8.31 y (6.62), length of stay of 13 d (20), and total charges of $91,321 (155,054). RSI occurred at a rate of 2.22 per 100,000 admissions and 1.93 per 100,000 procedures; both rates decreased post-WHO/GSS implementation versus pre-WHO/GSS, P P P P P Conclusions RSI rates have decreased overall after the introduction of the WHO/GSS. The largest reductions have occurred in public or nonteaching hospitals. Only private (nonprofit) hospitals reported increases in RSI since 2008. Higher rates of RSI are associated with fundoplications and other gastric procedures.