Executive Functions and the Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: On the Importance of Subclinical Symptoms and Other Concomitant Factors

Although reviews concerning the neuropsychology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) put great emphasis on impaired executive functioning, the overall conclusions are notoriously divergent. The main goal of the present study was to use a battery of neuropsychological tasks to assess nine cognitive domains with a special focus on executive functions in 40 patients with OCD. A secondary objective was to examine the relationships between clinical or demographic variables and neuropsychological performances. The third goal was to separate executive functions in more homogeneous components to verify whether specific impairment might be found in persons with OCD. Confirming the main hypothesis, few neuropsychological differences emerged between the OCD and healthy participants when concomitant factors were controlled. Moreover, subclinical symptoms appeared to play a different and independent role on the cognitive results. Future studies should include more specific tasks of lower-order executive functions among persons with OCD to confirm this possibility.