Valorization of cephalopod liver viscera for oil production: chemical characteristics, nutritional profile and pharmacological activities

The physical characteristics such as specific gravity, solidification point, saponification value, iodine, and acid value of liver oil were analyzed, and it has showed good characters similar to fish oil. The heavy metal was found in permissible limit, ash, and moisture was recorded in moderate level, protein, and carbohydrate were found as trace amount; the bad cholesterol was noticed lower and good cholesterol was high than fish oil. Ten fatty acids were recorded, the oleic acid, ω-3, EPA, DHA, and α- linolenic acid were recorded maximum level. The essential and non-essential amino acids were estimated and the fat soluble vitamins (A and E) were noticed higher level. The minerals Zn and Fe were found moderate level. The liver oil has showed antibacterial effect against 7 bacterial strains. The six antioxidant activities of liver oil have showed concentration depended. The Sepioteuthis lessoniana liver oil has showed against A549 cell lines.