Techno-economic-environmental assessment of an integrated electricity and gas network in the presence of electric and hydrogen vehicles: A mixed-integer linear programming approach

Abstract The optimal operation of integrated electricity and gas networks is a challenge in smart energy systems. Considering all components of the embedded energy systems, its operation will be more complex and complicated that needs a strong tool for optimization. In this paper, a comprehensive methodology is presented for the optimal operation of an integrated electricity and gas network. Firstly, in order to guarantee of the optimization results, all of the equations of the studied smart energy system are fully linearized. Then, the optimal operation of the modeled energy system is evaluated from technical, economic, and environmental perspectives. This evaluation helps to reach a comprehensive study for decision-makers. The proposed methodology is applied for different operation scenarios and conditions, and its capability is investigated. The simulation results show that the system's operation cost will be reduced significantly and the energy system will be utilized optimally by integrating electricity and gas networks.