ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF WILD EDIBLE MUSHROOMS LYCOPERDON PYRIFORME, ARIMILLARAIA TABESCENS AND AGARICUS BISPORUS COLLECTED FROM FOOTHILLS OF EASTERN GHATS NEAR PONNAI VILLAGE, VELLORE DISTRICT

The extractive values for fruiting bodies of mushrooms Lycoperdon pyriforme, Arimillaraia tabescens and Agaricus bisporus in different solvents such as petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, acetone, hexane ethyl acetate, water, ethanol and methanol were analysed to identify the suitability of solvents for extraction of maximum phytocompounds. The obtained results revealed the methanol gives maximum extractive value for all three mushrooms when compared to any other solvents. The qualitative analysis of phytocompounds for petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, acetone, hexane ethyl acetate, ethanol, and methanol and water extracts of fruiting bodies of all three mushrooms showed the presence of tannins, saponin, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, alkaloids and terpenoids in rich amount. However, their presence and absence is depends the solubility nature of phytocompounds in different solvents. The quantitative analysis of phytocompounds revealed the presence of flavonoid, alkaloids and tannins in maximum amount in all three mushrooms. Particularly, the flavonoid is in first place which were recorded as 2.4±0.19 mg/100g for Lycoperdon pyriforme, 2.0±0.15 mg/100g for Arimillaria tabescens and 2.7±0.21 mg/100g for Agaricus bisporus. The GCMS analysis exposed the existence of phytocompounds methyl 3-Bromo-1-adamantaneacetate ( % of peak area 5.76 and 13.14 with RT 25.913 and 26.213), Trimethyl [4-(1,1,3,3,-Tetramethylbutyl) Phenoxy] Silane(% of peak area 7.913 with RT 26.773), Cyclotrisiloxane, Hexamethyl- ( % of pea area 6.455 with RT 27.268) in Lycoperdon pyriforme; Bicyclo [2.2.1] Heptan-2-One,1,3,3-Trimethyl- at RT 15.472, 11-Hydroxy-11-Methyl-Tricyclo[4.3.1.1(2,5)] Undecan-10-One at RT 16.804, 13-Octadecenal at RT 19.560, 9,10-Secocholesta-5,7,10 (19) -Triene-1,3-Diol, 25-[(Trimethylsilyl) Oxy]- at RT 23.627,3-Isopropoxy-1,1,1,5,5,5-Hexamethyl-3-(Trimethylsiloxy) Trisiloxane at RT 26.028 and Hentriacontane at RT 26.278 and 26.938 in Armillaria tabescens; Paredrine (RT27.398 and area % 33.426), Cyclotrisiloxane, Hexamethyl (RT 27.483 and area % 30.769), Paredrine ( RT 27.483 and area% 19.918) and Hexestrol Di-Tms ( RT 28.769 and area %15.896) in Agaricus bisporus. The methanol extract of all three mushroom have considerable level of scavenging activity against DPPH,ABTS,FRAP, Hydroxyl radical, Superoxide and Nitric oxide at concentrations 25, 50,100,,250 and 400 µg/ml. These radical scavenging activities were dose dependent and directly proportionate to the concentration of plant extract.The antimicrobial activity of methanol extract of all three study mushroom tested against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholera exhibited consider level of zone of inhibition.