Tidal volume dependency of gas exchange in bronchoconstricted pig lungs

Independent of airway pressure, pulmonary resistance is known to fall with increasing tidal volumes, traditionally thought to result from radial traction on the airways. R. C. Anafi and T. A. Wilson (J Appl Physiol 91: 1185–1192, 2001) recently presented a model of a single terminal airway that explains the tidal volume-associated fall in resistance with an additional mechanism pertinent to narrow airways: a stable, nearly closed airway that is challenged with an increase in tidal volume “pops open” to become a stable, well-opened airway, and thus resistance drops suddenly. To test this model in vivo, the effects of high (24 ml/kg) and low (9 ml/kg) tidal volume in bronchoconstricted lungs were assessed using 1) the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET) and 2) a 15-breath multiple breath inert gas washout (MBW) technique in anesthetized pigs. With high tidal volume, ventilation/perfusion (Va/Q) mismatch was reduced (log SD Q from 1.30 ± 0.11 to 1.09 ± 0.12, P < 0.05), and blood flow to lung ...