A discrete element method for modelling cell mechanics: Application to the simulation of chondrocyte behavior in the growth plate

In this paper we describe a discrete element method (DEM) framework we have developed for modelling the mechanical behavior of cells and tissues. By using a particle method we are able to simulate mechanical phenomena involved in tissue cell biomechanics (such as extracellular matrix degradation, secretion, growth) which would be very difficult to simulate using a continuum approach. We use the DEM framework to study chondrocyte behavior in the growth plate. Chondrocytes have an important role in the growth of long bones. They produce cartilage on one side of the growth plate, which is gradually replaced by bone. We will model some mechanical aspects of the chondrocyte behavior during two stages of this process. The DEM framework can be extended by including other mechanical and chemical processes (such as cell division or chemical regulation). This will help us gain more insight into the complex phenomena governing bone growth.