Implementation of circular economy using bio-based products in the indoor and outdoor environment

The study reviewed a range of durable natural materials that can be employed within interior and exterior spaces considering their feasibility with circular-economy principles. This was done through­ quantitative and qualitative method of descriptive analysis, highlighting key aspects of bio-based construction elements as it concerns replacing building components of the interior environment as well as the envelope and the exterior environment. The study also examined support facilities of exterior spaces as this contributes towards creating complementary outdoor space that supports its functionality. Thus, enhancing the socio-cultural qualities of outdoor spaces by integrating bio-based materials in the construction of support facilities. To promote this development, the study incorporated circular economy strategies to ensure bio-based products are recyclable during their use and at the end of life of the product. These approaches will not only mitigate climate change but also promote the use of bio-based products for resource efficiency with accompanying economic benefits. The construction and composition of small outdoor spaces have incorporated natural elements relevant to the local context as a way of sustaining­ the ecosystem, and facilitating the recovery of the climatic configuration, it is pertinent that the built environment embraces a regenerative system that supports the complementary development of the natural environment with bio-based elements. Keywords: Bio-based, Circular, Economy, Environment, Indoor, Outdoor.