Halide perovskites: Current issues and new strategies to push material and device stability

This short review aims at summarizing the current challenges related to poor Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) stability which nowadays puts severe constrains on near future device commercialization. As a game changer in the field of photovoltaics (PVs), PSCs are highly efficient and cheap to fabricate. However, they suffer from poor long-term stability upon exposure to heat, moisture, oxygen and light, and combinations thereof. Poor device stability originates from intrinsic instability issues of the perovskite active layer itself, as well as extrinsic factors due to partial degradation of the layers composing the device stack. Here we briefly review the chemical and physical processes responsible for intrinsic material instability, and we highlight possible solutions to overcome it; we then consider the whole device, discussing properties and interactions of the stacked layers. Finally, particular emphasis is placed on the need of shared standards for stability tests, which should include detailed report on experimental conditions over a statistically significant number of samples, allowing for a direct comparison of results across different groups and fostering a rapid advance of our understanding of degradation mechanisms and of the solutions to overcome them.