Role of Gut Microbiome in Neuromodulation

Gut microbial populations plays a significant role in human health and maintains bidirectional signalling between the brain and gut. The bacterial population endures a dynamic developmental progression all over the existence and begins its associated relationship with the host early in life. Latest investigational evidences propose that the microbial population in gut has a significant influence on the brain–gut axis, and it plays a major role in epithelial cell function, gastrointestinal motility, visceral sensitivity, perception and behaviour. Results from physiological experiments propose the communication of gut bacteria not lone with the enteric nervous system but also with the central nervous system via neural, neuroendocrine, neuroimmune and humoral links. This chapter describes how the microbiota-derived products and variations of microbiome modulates the conditions of neuroimmune and neuropsychiatric disorders and the role of gut microbiome as a neuromodulator.