School Lunch Environmental Factors Impacting Fruit and Vegetable Consumption

Abstract Objective Assess impact of school lunch environmental factors on fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption in second and third grade students. Design Cross-sectional observations in 1 school year. Participants Students from 14 elementary schools in 4 New York City boroughs (n = 877 student-tray observations). Main Outcome Measure(s) Dependent variables were F&V consumption collected by visual observation. Independent variables included school lunch environmental factors, and individual-level and school-level demographics. Analysis Hierarchical linear modeling was used with F&V consumption as the outcome variable, and relevant independent variables included in each model. Results Slicing or precutting of fruits and having lunch after recess were positively associated ( P P Conclusions and Implications Although there was a small increase in intake, results of the study support that some school lunch environmental factors affect children's F&V consumption, with some factors leading to more impactful increases than others. Slicing of fruits seems most promising in leading to greater fruit consumption and should be further tested.