Influencia de las expectativas de familias y profesorado en el logro educativo y social de los estudiantes

2019 
espanolDesde los anos cincuenta del siglo XX existe un debate sobre si el concepto que los profesores construyen de sus alumnos esta relacionado con la extraccion social de estos y con el grado de exito educativo alcanzado. Si asi fuera, y son numerosas las investigaciones que apuntan en este sentido, la genialidad de los de capa baja, al no ser percibida ni concebida por sus docentes, quedaria sepultada antes de despuntar. Y si, ademas, los padres de dichos estudiantes tampoco creen en sus potencialidades ni vislumbran horizontes para ellos, tenemos ya configurada la injusta situacion que soportan. Este trabajo persigue indagar sobre el fenomeno en cuestion partiendo de un diseno de corte cualitativo. Este tipo de metodologia admite que las creencias, las mentalidades, los mitos, los prejuicios y los sentimientos, entre otros, son elementos de analisis y, por tanto, producen conocimiento sobre la realidad humana. Para ello, se han realizado entrevistas personales a veinticuatro sujetos (doce docentes y doce padres de alumnos), tomados de cuatro centros de Educacion Primaria y Secundaria de Cordoba (Espana). Se trata, en definitiva, de realizar una aproximacion empirica al papel de la escuela y la familia en el mantenimiento de la desigualdad de oportunidades a traves del analisis del discurso. Los analisis descriptivos senalan la relacion entre expectativas, clase social y rendimiento academico, relacion que puede atemperarse o diluirse con la experiencia, la reflexion sobre la practica y la formacion permanente. EnglishSince the fifties of the twentieth century, there has been a debate about whether the concept that teachers construct of their students is related to the social extraction of the latter as well as their degree of educational success. In that case, and there are numerous researchers that point in this direction, the genius of those students from lower social class backgrounds, which is not perceived or conceived by their teachers, would be buried before it can stand out. Moreover, even if the injustice that falls on them as class inheritance is already intact, the situation may be aggravated by the fact that the parents of these students do not believe in their potential or envision brilliant horizons for them. This paper pretends about the phenomenon in question, designing it from a qualitative research. This type of methodology admits that beliefs, mentality, myths, prejudice and the emotions among others, are elements of analysis to be able to get the personal reality. For that purpose, personal interviews have been conducted with twenty-four subjects (twelve teachers and twelve parents of students) from four primary and secondary schools in Cordoba (Spain). This paper is presented as an empirical approach to the role of school and family in the maintenance of inequality of opportunities through discourse analysis. Descriptive analyses indicate the existence of a relationship between expectations, social class and academic performance which can be tempered or diluted with experience, reflection on practice and ongoing training.
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