The temperature distribution in a simulated garnet Czochralski melt

Abstract An open cylindrical container of water with an aspect ratio of 1.3 was heated from the side while the temperature of the bottom of the vessel was controlled independently. It was found that when the temperature of the bottom surface is below that of the side, the liquid divides itself into three regions, an upper region which is thoroughly mixed by convection and is essentially uniform in temperature; a thin surface layer; and a bottom region in which there is no mixing, whose height is controlled by the bottom surface temperature. The temperature in this region increases from the vessel bottom to the mixed region boundary. Changes in the bottom temperature have only a slight effect on the mixed region temperature. As the total liquid level is reduced, the mixed region temperature and the thickness of the bottom or stagnant region both decrease until the mixed region disappears and only the stagnant and thin surface layers remain. These results can be used to help explain the behavior of garnet melts.