Neurotoxicología de plaguicidas prevalentes en la región Andina Colombiana

Introduction: according to the World Health Organization, there are three million cases per year related to pesticide poisoning, of these, one-tenth are lethal. Most of these poisonings occur in third-world countries, even when there are less than a fifth of them available in these regions. Objective: to describe clinical symptoms of poisoning caused by prevalent neurotoxic pesticides in Colombian Andes. Materials and Methods: a systematic review was performed in databases such as Medline (PubMed), SciELO and Latindex from March to December 2013. Descriptors used were mancozeb, profanofos, carbofuran, parathion and cymoxanil. The review obtained 700 articles from which 72 were selected according to the inclusion criteria previously defined. Results: the effects induced by these pesticides are changes in salivation, lacrimation, abnormal urination and defecation, emesis, broncorrea, bronchospasm, bradycardia, etc. However, according to the pesticide, there are particular implications either endocrine, immune or neoplastic. Conclusion: clinical manifestations of acute toxicity occur by excessive cholinergic stimulation. However, it is important to continue researching the molecular pathophysiology of this kind of intoxications. MED.UIS. 2014;27(3):57-67. Keywords: Organophosphorus Compounds. Ecotoxicology. Neurologic Manifestations. Pesticides. Environmental Health.