Prediction of recurrence and progression in patients with T1G3 bladder cancer by gene expression of circulating tumor cells

Abstract Objective To investigate the role of gene expression of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as noninvasive prognostic markers in patients with high risk nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. Materials and methods We identified all patients with TIG3 urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) at our institution since 2016.The study included 100 patients with T1G3 UBC and 50 healthy volunteers. CTCs were isolated from blood using immunomagnetic separation and gene expression was performed using 10 bladder cancer associated genes, namely; KRAS, EPCAM, CD133, CD44, mTOR, SURVIVIN, AKT, PI3K, VEGF, and TP53. Gene expression of CTCs was correlated to time to first recurrence and time to progression using Kaplan-Meier curves. Results There was strong negative correlation between CTCs-positive patients and time to first recurrence and time to progression. Significant differences in expression levels of specific genes were observed that can predict recurrence and progression of T1G3 UBC. Conclusion CTCs appear to be noninvasive methods of predicting disease recurrence and progression in patients with high- risk nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer; therefore, studying their molecular profiling may improve prediction of recurrence and progression. Further studies are invited for more in-depth investigation to consolidate our initial results.