24-P-31-Aromatization of mixed-C4 hydrocarbons over HZSM-5 catalysts modified by Zn and Ni cations

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the study of the aromatization of mixed-C 4 hydrocarbons, prevalent by-products derived from petroleum refining processes, over HZSM-5 catalysts modified by both zinc (Zn) and nickel (Ni) cations through different impregnating methods in two different sizes of reactors at various temperatures and space velocities of the feeds. The reaction mechanisms are discussed according to the liquid and gas product distributions. The acidity of the catalysts are also characterized using the frequency response (FR).