THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF HPR

Histidine-containing phosphocarrier protein, HPr, was one of the early protein tertiary structures determined by two-dimensional 1H-NMR. Tertiary structures for HPrs from Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus have been obtained by 1H NMR and the overall folding pattern of HPr is highly conserved, a beta alpha beta beta alpha beta alpha arrangement of three alpha-helices overlaying a four-stranded beta-sheet. High-resolution structures for HPrs from E. coli and B. subtilis have been obtained using 15N- and 13C-labeled proteins. The first application of NMR to the understanding of the structure and function of HPr was to describe the phosphohistidine isomer, Ndelta1-P-histidine in S. aureus phospho-HPr, and the unusual pKas of the His-15 side chain. The pKa values for the His-15 imidazole from more recent studies are 5.4 for HPr and 7.8 for phospho-HPr from E. coli, for example. A consensus description of the active site is proposed for HPr and phospho-HPr. In HPr, His-15 has a defi...