Pyrethroids Metabolites in Human Urine Samples

Pyrethroids are a class of extensively used insecticides for human and animal health protection. Concern has been growing about the possible human health effects from environmental exposure, e.g. chronic exposure to low levels, to pyrethroids. Several metabolites, specific or common to different pyrethroids, can be used for the assessment of pyrethroids exposure. 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid is a major urinary biomarker for numerous pyrethroids used nowadays and has been extensively analyzed and reported. Biomonitoring pyrethroids in human samples is undoubtedly necessary in order to support the clarification of potential correlations between exposure and adverse health effects.