Nonlinear Principal Component Analysis for Geographically Weighted Temporal‑spatial Data

Scholkopf, Smola and Muller (1998) have proposed a nonlinear principal component analysis (NPCA) for fixed vector data. In this paper, we propose an extension of the aforementioned analysis to temporal ‑ spatial data and weighted temporal ‑ spatial data. To illustrate the proposed theory, data describing the condition of state of higher education in 16 Polish voivodships in the years 2002–2016 are used.