Postinfectious Hydrocephalus in Children

There are few conditions treated in neurosurgery that are as frustrating as hydrocephalus; likewise there are few neurosurgical interventions performed by neurosurgeons that are as unforgettable as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt insertion. In this chapter the authors try to define the modern concepts of management of postinfectious hydrocephalus (PIH) in children, to evaluate the options and the timing of surgery or medical treatment only, in a category of patients that undoubtedly is more fragile than adults. The surgeon must have a good knowledge of the etiological infectious factors which have the potential to produce hydrocephalus, the pathogenesis, and the prophylaxis and treatment of these infections.