Status of the culture of milkfish (chanos chanos), striped mullet (mugil cephalus), and grouper (epinephelus sp.)

Abstract The milkfish (Chanos chanos), striped mullet (Mugil cephalus), and grouper, especially species in the genus Epinephelus, are all targeted for domestication. While milkfish and mullet have relatively long (i.e., several centuries) culture histories, groupers have steadily gained in popularity only during the last 2 decades. The current status of the hatchery technologies for each of these species is presented, and recent developments regarding their culture are addressed.