Large take-off angle dependence of C-K emission spectra observed in highly oriented pyrolytic graphite

2017 
Abstract We have constructed a compact soft X-ray emission spectrometer at the BL-09A beamline of the NewSUBARU synchrotron radiation facility at the University of Hyogo, Japan. Using this spectrometer, we observed a large take-off angle dependence of C-K emissions in highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). At an excitation photon energy of 310 eV, far from the absorption edge of HOPG, we detected large take-off angle dependence of π → 1s emission. The π emission intensity was much higher than that of σ emission, which has not been reported before. One reason for the apparent discrepancy between these results and previous ones probably originates from the difference in energy resolving power of the emission spectrometers used. According to a band calculation for HOPG, the large angle dependence observed here could be attributed to the resonant transition of 1s electrons to a π state 25 eV higher than the Fermi level.
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