Recent progress on the modifications of ultra-small perovskite nanomaterials for sensing applications

Abstract Recently, ultra-small perovskite nanomaterials have been exhibited superb analytical features for sensing of various target molecules due to their outstanding properties such as bright emission, tunable emission wavelengths in visible region, and high quantum yields, accessed them to act as ideal probes for various sensing applications (inorganic, biomolecules, organic, gases, humidity and temperature). Thus, the recent progress on the modification of ultra-small perovskite nanomaterials with various synthetic protocols (changing cation or halide ions or doping hetero element or surface ligand chemistry), thereby producing high quality perovskite nanomaterial for various sensing applications have been discussed in this review article. Also discussed the analytical features of ultra-small perovskite nanomaterials for sensing of inorganic species, gas, organic molecules and biomolecules), humidity and temperature. The analytical performance of perovskite nanomaterials was compared with other nanomaterials based sensing tools. Finally, the practical challenges and future opportunities of perovskite nanomaterials-based sensing devices are also discussed.