Pattern of feto-maternal outcome and complications in pregnancy induced hypertension from a tertiary level health care teaching institution of Tamil Nadu, India

Background: Hypertensive disorder is the second most common medical disorder seen during pregnancy. They along with hemorrhage and infection, contribute greatly to maternal morbidity and mortality. Most deaths in PIH occur due to its complications and not due to hypertension per sec. Thus, maternal mortality and these complications are preventable. The objective of the present study was undertaken to study pattern of feto-maternal outcome and complications in cases of pregnancy induced hypertension with a view to identify them at the earliest. Methods: The current survey was planned and executed by the department of obstetrics and gynaecology of a tertiary care teaching institution of Tamil Nadu during November 2013 to October 2015 using a pre-designed questionnaire among 245 study participants. The study population consisted of pregnant women seeking care for PIH. Results: 59.6% cases of mild PIH, 22% cases of moderate PIH and 18.4% cases of severe PIH. Regarding maternal complications in PIH, in severe cases of PIH there were CCU admissions in 8.9% cases, imminent eclampsia in 31.1% cases and abruptio placentae, CVA, acute renal failure in 2.2% cases. DIC and maternal mortality was seen in 4.4% cases. Regarding foetal complications in PIH, in severe cases of PIH there was birth asphyxia in 31.1% cases. Intra uterine growth retardation was seen in 24.4% cases. The most common reason for NICU admission was preterm with low birth weight. Conclusions: Emphasis should be on early registration and regular ANC visits. Early detection and prompt intervention of complications is vital for ensure a healthy outcome to both mother and baby.