Liquid Chromatographic Determination Using Lanthanides as Time-Resolved Luminescence Probes for Drugs and Xenobiotics: Advantages and Limitations
1997
Lanthanide sensitized luminescence is a very attractive alternative to
UV detection and other luminescence techniques, i.e.,
fluorescence and phosphorescence, in separation science for the detection
of drugs and xenobiotics because of the large Stokes shift, narrow
emission bands and long lifetime. Some published applications of HPLC
determination with lanthanide (Ln
3
+
) sensitized
luminescence detection are reviewed. Advantages and limitations of this
technique are discussed. Normal-phase (NP) HPLC is not influenced by the
quenching effect of water whereas reversed-phase (RP) HPLC is applicable
to more compounds than NP-HPLC. However, pH adjustment and the quenching
effect of water on Ln
3
+
luminescence are the main
drawbacks of RP-HPLC. Elution properties and the need
for pH adjustment are two arguments for selecting the mode of addition
of Ln
3
+
, i.e., pre- or post-column in the
HPLC system. Sensitized Ln
3
+
luminescence detection
is a much more specific method of detection than UV or fluorescence
detection after HPLC separation but nevertheless, in some cases, does not
always exhibit a significant increase in analytical performance when the
donor itself is a strong fluorophore. The development of more powerful
excitation sources could improve the limit of detection of the
Ln
3
+
sensitized detection technique. This review
suggests that it would be useful to obtain predicting factors about the
drug to establish whether the latter is suitable to be measured using an
HPLC–Ln
3
+
approach.
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