REVIEW OF COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES APPLIED IN NEW MACROLIDE ANTIBIOTICS

Macrolide antibiotics have been the focus of widespread research due to increasing bacterial resistance. There have been significant synthetic and theoretical efforts to generate new core structures to address this challenge. Structure elucidation of a large number of macrolides, shows the existence of two parts. The first one is a macrocyclic system from 12 to 40 links with several asymmetric centers and a lactone function; the second part is a sugar. Macrolide antibiotics play a therapeutically important role, particularly in the emergence of new pathogens. Among these products of major importance are macrolide antibiotics. The macrolide antibiotics family (14-, 15-, 16- membered ring derivates) shows a wide range of antibacterial spectrum. Conformational analysis indicates that each studied macrocycle presents eight families of privileged conformers. They result from the combination of the conformations of the two systems, diene anda,b-unsaturated ester. In presence of tricarbonyliron, the number of the privileged conformations was reduced to four. The study of stereochemical control in macrocycles was carried out using molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics. The results show a high conformational mobility of macrocycles. For complexing macrocycles, a high diastereoselectivity was obtained, this is the result from the combination of local control exerted by the methyl group and stereochemical control with tricarbonyliron. This last factor constitutes a tool of the stereochemical remote control, which permits to foresee the phenomenon of the stereoselectivity for envisaged reactions.