A case report of diffuse hyperplastic gastropathy with multiple polypoid formations in a patient with pernicious anemia, Helicobacter pylori infection, hypergastrinemia and hypoalbuminaemia: do not forget of Ménétrier’s disease

Abstract Introduction Menetrier’s disease is a rare condition, frequently associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, hypergastrinemia and hypoalbuminaemia. Presentation of the case A case of a 55 years-old female patient with a previous diagnosis of pernicious anemia complaining of epigastric discomfort, hyporexia, vomiting, and weight loss is reported. Endoscopy showed multiple gastric polyploid formations and Helicobacter pylori infection was detected. Laboratory tests showed elevated gastrin serum levels and presence of antibodies antiparietal cells, as well as microcytic hypochromic anemia compatible with chronic iron deficiency. Albumin serum level was slightly decreased. Full thickness biopsy performed via echoendoscopy reported gastritis cystica/polyposa profunda. Given the association of diffuse involvement of the entire stomach, the possibility of developing malignant disease and the clinical symptoms, the patient underwent laparoscopic total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction. The surgical specimen showed the mucosa hyperemic and swollen, with prominent gastric folds. Hyperplastic elongation of gastric foveolas associated with disappearance of oxyntic glands was compatible with Menetrier’s disease. Discussion The Menetrier’s disease diagnosis may be tricky, especially when an unusual endoscopic presentation is associated with other conditions that may mislead the diagnostic evaluation. The differential diagnoses were gastric malignancies, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, massive gastric polyposis and gastritis cystica/polyposa profunda. Conclusion Clinical, laboratory, endoscopic and histopathological findings are paramount for reaching the diagnosis of Menetrier’s disease, but it should be suspected in all cases of upper gastrointestinal symptoms and hypertrophied gastric mucosa.