Local-distortional and Overall Interactive Buckling of Unstiffened Open Cross-section Thin-walled Steel Members

The difference between local and distortional buckling of thin-walled cold-formed steel sections with stiffened elements, of both compression and bending members are take-in-to consideration applying relevant design formulas available in the codes. However, for unstiffened elements or for those not stiffened enough, the difference between distortional and local buckling modes is quite confusing.