Climate, competition and weather conditions drive vertical displacement and habitat use of an alpine ungulate in a highly topographic landscape

Context Many species experience ecosystem changes due to alterations in climate or interspecific interactions. Animals’ optimal use of landscapes involves adjusting spatial displacement and habitat use according to weather or climate, however, competitive interactions may affect such behavioural responses. Species in alpine landscapes are already at their upper altitudinal range, which can limit behavioural response to ecosystem changes.