Noninvasive evaluation of liver fibrosis: comparison of the stretched exponential diffusion-weighted model to other diffusion-weighted MRI models and transient elastography.

To compare the diagnostic performance of the stretched exponential model to those of other DWI models and transient elastography (TE) and to evaluate the influence of confounding factors on the staging of liver fibrosis. This retrospective study included 78 consecutive patients who underwent both DWI and TE. The distributed diffusion coefficient (DDC) and intravoxel heterogeneity index (α) from the stretched exponential model, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), perfusion fraction (f), pseudodiffusion coefficient (Dp), true diffusion coefficient (Dt), and TE were obtained. Associations between imaging parameters and pathological fibrosis, inflammation, and steatosis were evaluated using Spearman’s correlation and multiple regression analysis. Diagnostic accuracy of parameters for fibrosis staging was assessed via the Obuchowski measures. DDC was the only parameter to differ between F0–1 and F2–3 (p 0.999). DDC from the stretched exponential model is the most accurate DWI parameter with no confounding effect from steatosis and with overall similar diagnostic performance to TE. • The distributed diffusion coefficient (DDC) from the stretched exponential model is the most accurate DWI parameter for staging liver fibrosis. • DDC and transient elastography have similar good diagnostic performance for evaluating liver fibrosis. • The stretched exponential DWI model has no confounding effect by steatosis, unlike other DWI models.