Разнообразие и распространение лишайников рода бриория (Bryoria) в Московской области

The analysis of thematic literature and herbariums of fruticose epigenous lichens of Bryoria genus from 186 points in the Moscow region showed that currently eight Bryoria species range in the Moscow region, mostly on spruce (Picea abies) branches, and sometimes on Betula pendula and Salix caprea. Healthy growth of Bryoria lichens in the region is only possible under a combination of microclimate and habitat factors, i. e. sufficiently high air humidity in the surface layer, minimum air pollution, absence of harmful pollutants and high PPM concentrations, particular types of plant community, preservation of old-growth forests, and suitable phorophyte, or tree species, as a substrate. Schemes in the article demonstrate locations with maximum numbers of Bryoria species finds per 100 km2, as well as individual finds of the genus species within the study area. The maximum Bryoria diversity is in Mozhaysk, Klin, Ruza and Lotoshino districts. There are no large polluters there, and the air quality is high according to environment monitoring data, with the lowest levels of pollutants and dust particles. Bryoria vrangiana, B. nadvornikiana, B. osteola and B. simplicior are the rarest species of Bryoria in the Moscow region. Bryoria species, especially the rarest ones, concentrate in the northwestern and northern parts of the region. The lichens are ecologically associated with damp and swampy spruce and spruce with birch and aspen old-growth forests and forest plantations, and the edge parts of transitory and raised forest bogs. Lichen thalluses sometimes reach maximum size (25 cm) within these habitats and are often found in large groups of two to three species. This fact indicates a favorable environmental situation in this part of the Moscow region. All discovered Bryoria species are in the Red Book of the Moscow region and require protection and further investigation.