Physiological Modulation of Respiration and Respiratory Reflexes

2020 
The partial pressures of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the blood are the dominant homeostatic controller of respiration. Over the course of evolution, in addition to its primary purpose of exchange of gases, the control of ventilatory apparatus has become a part of a large number of non-respiratory motor behaviours such as swallowing, vocalization and abdominal straining during parturition. The emotional states and sleep–wakefulness states are associated with altered respiratory pattern. A number of reflexes protect the respiratory tract from environmental irritants, from aspiration of mucous and from food during ingestion. The thorough information regarding the patterns of respiratory modulation during a wide variety of the physiological activities shall be presented this chapter along with the most recent information on the neural basis for such modulations.
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