Numerical and laboratory attoclock simulations on noble-gas atoms

We conduct a systematic theoretical study of strong field tunneling ionization of noble-gas atoms, from He to Kr, by elliptically polarized laser pulses in the so-called attoclock setup. Our theoretical model is based on a numerical solution of the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation in the single active electron approximation. We simulate laboratory measurements utilizing few optical cycle pulses to benchmark our calculations against experiment. We further conduct ``numerical attoclock'' simulations with short, nearly single-cycle pulses to test various tunneling ionization models. We examine the attoclock offset angles as affected by the target orbital structure and the laser pulse intensity. Finally, we exclude a finite tunneling time scenario and attribute the attoclock offset angle entirely to the Coulomb field of the ion remainder as was recently demonstrated for the hydrogen atom [U. S. Sainadh et al., Nature (London) 568, 75 (2019)].