Lot Processing in Hybrid Flow Shop Scheduling Problem

The scheduling problem in manufacturing systems, where the product components are processed by means of lot units (pallets, containers, boxes) of many identical items, has been recently subject of intense research in modern industry. Most of the common examples in production per lots can be found in serial production like digital devices manufacturing, assembly lines, and information service facilities. The lot processing and the use of batch machines for parallel execution are typical for modern manufacturing systems.