Pilot assessment of omega-3 fatty acids and potassium thiocyanate in sickle cell anemia patients with conditional peak systolic cerebral artery blood velocity

Abstract Objective The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the effect of omega-3 fatty acids and potassium thiocyanate on conditional peak systolic cerebral artery blood velocity in children with sickle cell anemia (SCA). Methods Transcranial doppler ultrasonography (TCD) was done on 232 SCA children, and 21 found with conditional peak systolic blood velocity (PSV) of 200-249 cm/sec in internal carotid, middle or anterior cerebral arteries. These were randomized to receive omega-3 fatty acids and potassium thiocyanate with standard treatment of SCA (test group, N=14), or standard treatment only (control group, N=7). After 3 months of treatment, PSV was measured again. Results Right middle cerebral artery PSV was significantly reduced in the test relative to the control groups (p = 0.04). PSV returned to normal in 79% of the test versus 43% of the control group; and increased to abnormal in one member of the control group, but none of the test group. Conclusions The pilot data suggest that in SCA, omega-3 fatty acids and potassium thiocyanate might reduce conditional blood velocity to normal, or prevent progression to abnormal values. A larger, randomized, clinical trial is required to further address the current gap in management of conditional TCD blood velocity.