Basics of Orientation Measurements in Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy

The sections in this article are Introduction Polarized IR Spectroscopy Experimental Determinations Tilted Film Method Thick Samples Polarized Raman Spectroscopy Experimental Determinations Appendices: Appendix 1. Transformation Jacobian Appendix 2. Absorption Integrals: Result of Symmetry Appendix 3. Absorption Integrals: Average Absorbance Appendix 4. Absorption Integrals: Relationship to 〈P2(cos θ)〉 Appendix 5. Relating the Orientation of a Dipole or Tensor Axis to that of a Structural Unit, and the Relationship Between Order Parameters and the Actual Shape of the Distribution Uniaxial Orientation (Case 1, Table 1) IR Measurement of Biaxial Orientation Relating the Order Parameters to the Shape of the Orientation Distribution Appendix 6. Solution to Equations (B4 − 3B1/4) and (B5 − 3B2/2) Both Non Vanishing Either (B4 − 3B1/4) or (B5 − 3B2/2) Vanishes but Not Both Both (B4 − 3B1/4) and (B5 − 3B2/2) Vanish