Tratamiento con fentanilo sublingual del dolor irruptivo asociado a reacciones alérgicas durante la infusión de quimioterapia
2018
espanolRESUMEN Introduccion: Las reacciones de hipersensibilidad a farmacos (RHF) son eventos potencialmente mortales que se producen durante la administracion de diversos agentes quimioterapicos. Pueden cursar con un dolor intenso, considerado en algunos casos como dolor irruptivo oncologico (DIO). Actualmente no existen guias para el tratamiento de este tipo especifico de dolor. Objetivos: Evaluar, en pacientes oncologicos, la eficacia del citrato de fentanilo sublingual 100 mcg en el tratamiento del DIO asociado a RHF durante la infusion de quimioterapia. Material y metodos: Estudio retrospectivo con pacientes que recibieron quimioterapia en el servicio de Oncologia Medica del Hospital de Denia entre 2013 y 2016 y que fueron tratados con fentanilo por DIO asociado a RHF (EVA > 7). Se establecio la gravedad del DIO mediante una escala EVA antes y despues de administrar fentanilo. Se utilizo la t de Student para comparar las puntuaciones EVA antes y despues del tratamiento. Resultados: En total, se incluyeron 34 pacientes (73,53 % mujeres, edad media 59,68 anos). Los tratamientos quimioterapicos asociados a una mayor frecuencia a la aparicion de DIO por RHF fueron docetaxel y oxaliplatino (ambos 35,29 %), seguidos de paclitaxel (20,59 %). En promedio, los pacientes tuvieron un valor basal de EVA de 8,55 (DE 0,79) antes de ser tratados con fentanilo. Tras el tratamiento, la intensidad media del dolor fue de 1,48 (DE 1,50), siendo la diferencia significativa (p EnglishABSTRACT Introduction: Drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHR) are events that can occur during the administration of several chemotherapeutic agents and which could potentially be life-threatening. These events may present with intense pain, in some cases known as breakthrough cancer pain (BTCP). There are no currently available treatment guidelines for this specific type of pain. Objectives: To assess the efficacy of sublingual fentanyl citrate 100 mcg in cancer patients in the treatment of DHR-related BTCP during chemotherapy infusion. Material and methods: A retrospective study with patients receiving chemotherapy in the Medical Oncology Department of Hospital de Denia between 2013 and 2016 who were treated with fentanyl due to DHR-related BTCP (VAS [Visual Analogue Scale] > 7). BTCP severity was determined via a VAS before and after fentanyl administration. Student's t-test was used to compare VAS scores before and after the treatment. Results: A total of 34 patients were included (73.53 % women; mean age: 59.68 y/o). The chemotherapy treatments that were most frequently associated with the occurrence of DHR-related BTCP were docetaxel and oxaliplatin (both 35.29 %), followed by paclitaxel (20.59 %). On average, patients had a baseline VAS score of 8.55 (SD 0.79) before being treated with fentanyl. After treatment, the mean pain intensity was 1.48 (SD 1.50), which represented a significant difference (p
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