Analytical Solutions for Seepage Field of Underwater Tunnel

Based on the patterns of the hydraulic head outside the lining layer obtained from numerical simulation, a new boundary condition for the tunnel is proposed that the hydraulic head appears sinusoidal distribution on the lining’s external circumference. The analytical solutions about the hydraulic head and water ingress are derived rigorously, which could consider the effect of the lining property such as the lining thickness and permeability. The new solution is compared with another three classic analytical solutions in the existent literature. It is found that the traditional assumption that the lining layer is an equipotential surface could overestimate the water ingress especially when the tunnel is buried shallowly.