The use of ionic liquids for the determination of the spectrometer transmission function in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)

Abstract The uncertainty of measurement in quantitative XPS analysis can be reduced by using a calibrated spectrometer transmission function T ( E ), which is usually determined by taking spectra from Au, Ag, Cu and Ge elemental reference materials. However, this approach is quite time-consuming due to required sample preparation steps like sputter cleaning etc., and the relatively big number of samples to be measured. This contribution proposes the use of the ionic liquids [C 2 C 1 im][NTf 2 ] and [C 3 C 1 im][NTf 2 ] as reference materials for a determination of T ( E ). These multi-elemental samples deliver five intensive photoemission peaks, F 1s, O 1s, N 1s, C 1s and S 2p, in an energy window from 160 eV to 700 eV which is of specific interest for applications of quantitative XPS for surface chemical analysis of soft matter, one of the major applications of XPS.