Toxic Effects of Pesticides on Avifauna Inhabiting Wetlands

Wetlands are considered as the interim zones, crammed between perpetually flooded deepwater environments and drained uplands, which support diverse range of biodiversity. Various chemical fertilizers and pesticides were used in the wetland for higher agriculture yield but the majority of them reach to non-target species especially on water birds. Studies have shown that there is a huge decrease in the population of water birds every year. Organophosphate, carbamates and organochlorines are the three major groups of pesticide widely used for agricultural purposes. Organochlorines are the potent blocker of the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor, which is one of the major reasons for Raptor species depletion in the world. Organochlorines are banned in several countries due to its bio-accumulative nature but which still available in the markets under different brand names. The Organophosphates and carbamates have come as a replacement for organochlorines recently in wide variety of brand names.