Distribution of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Stillborn and Liveborn Piglets from Experimentally Infected Sows

Abstract Four pregnant sows were infected 3 weeks before their expected farrowing date with a Korean isolate (North American genotype) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The distribution of virus in their stillborn and liveborn (killed 7 days after birth) offspring was assessed immunohistochemically and by in-situ hybridization. PRRSV antigen and nucleic acid were detected in lung, thymus, liver, tonsil, spleen, heart, kidney and lymph nodes from both stillborn and liveborn piglets. Positive cells typically exhibited a red (immunohistochemistry) or dark brown (in-situ hybridization) reaction product in the cytoplasm, without background staining. The most consistent labelling for PRRSV was in the thymus, tonsil and lymph nodes. The experiment suggested that, in prenatal piglets, PRRSV replicates primarily in lymphoid tissues, having gained access to them from the placenta via the bloodstream.