Onicomicosis, factores predisponentes, características y dermatosis asociadas

Introduction: fungal infections in skin, hair and nails are common worldwide, in this context, onychomycosis is the most prevalent disease where the province is no exception. Objective: to describe the risk factors, characteristics and associated dermatosis in patients older than 18 years old with onychomycosis in a health area. Methods: observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted at Raul Sanchez Rodriguez University Polyclinic, Dermatology Clinic during the period 2017-2018. Results: female sex predominated (55.1%) and the age group between 40 and 59 years (43.8 %), the predominant risk factor was the use of occlusive footwear (84.9 %). Localization in feet (unilateral) (45.9 %), lateral plus distal superficial clinical type (33 %), as well as onycholysis plus incurvation (54.6%) predominated as the main ungueal alteration. The main ungueal modification belonged to the longitudinal lines (70.8 %), in terms of consistency a thickening of the nails (68.1 %), with leukonychia (47 %) and melanonychia (36.8 %), which were the main colors detected. Tinea pedis (55 %) and crural (10, 8 %) were the most frequent associated dermatosis. Conclusions: it is important to distinguish the clinical epidemiological behavior of onychomycosis in order to be able to act and modify the risk factors and influence of the associated dermatosis and in one way or another to reduce the incidence of onychomycosis.