An Overview on Papillomaviruses as the Main Cause of Cervical Cancer

Introduction: Cervical cancer associated with Papillomaviruses has been suggested as the most common cancer and a big problem around the world, especially in developing countries. Different genotypes of Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) especially high risk genotypes are considered as the main cause of this cancer and other human cancers such as genital track, skin, head and neck and etc. This study was performed with aim to increase the awareness about the structure, pathogenesis and diagnosis of papillomaviruses. Methods: In this review study, valid internal and external databases and the related keywords were used. In this study, it has been tried to use the published article in these scientific databases and evaluate the role of different Papillomaviruses genotypes in causing infections such as cervical cancer and diagnostic methods for genotyping of these viruses. Results: Increasing knowledge about the important and basic role of Papillomaviruses in causing cancers will lead to improvement of novel molecular diagnostic methods along with molecular biomarkers in genotyping of Papillomaviruses. Conclusion: Increasing rate of genital infections, sexually transmitted diseases and cancers caused by micro-organisms, especially HPV demands the cooperation of international communities to do more comprehensive studies, especially in developing countries. Public education, development of classic screening along with diagnostic novel methods will be the best tool to determine the policies in medical and preventive strategies such as vaccine against the cancers related to Papillomaviruses.