Recruitments of trained citizen volunteering for conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation are necessary to improve the outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in remote time-distance area: A nationwide population-based study

Abstract Aims To compare the factors associated with survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) among three time-distance areas (defined as interquartile range of time for emergency medical services response to patient's side). Methods From a nationwide, prospectively collected data on 716,608 OHCAs between 2007 and 2012, this study analyzed 193,914 bystander-witnessed OHCAs without pre-hospital physician involvement. Results Overall neurologically favourable 1-month survival rates were 7.4%, 4.1% and 1.7% for close, intermediate and remote areas, respectively. We classified BCPR by type (compression-only vs. conventional) and by dispatcher-assisted CPR (DA-CPR) (with vs. without); the effects on time-distance area survival were analyzed by BCPR classification. Association of each BCPR classification with survival was affected by time-distance area and arrest aetiology ( p Conclusion Every effort to recruit trained citizens initiating conventional BCPR should be made in remote time-distance areas.