Estimation of Land Surface Temperature Using FengYun-2E (FY-2E) Data: A Case Study of the Source Area of the Yellow River

Land surface temperature (LST) is a key variable used for studies of water cycles and energy budgets of land–atmosphere interfaces. This study addresses the theory of LST retrieval from data acquired by the Chinese operational geostationary meteorological satellite FengYun-2E (FY-2E) in two thermal infrared channels (IR1: 10.29–11.45 μm and IR2: 11.59–12.79 μm) using a generalized split-window algorithm. Specifically, land surface emissivity (LSE) in the two thermal infrared channels is estimated from the LSE in channels 31 and 32 of the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) product. In addition, an eight-day composition MODIS LSE product (MOD11A2) and the daily MODIS LSE product (MOD11A1) are used in the algorithm to estimate FY-2E emissivities. The results indicate that the LST derived from MOD11A1 is more accurate and, therefore, more appropriate for daily cloud-free LST estimation. Finally, the estimated LST was validated using the MODIS LST product for the heterogeneous source area of the Yellow River. The results show a significant correlation between the two datasets, with a correlation coefficient ( R ) varying from 0.60 to 0.94 and a root mean square error ranging from 1.89 to 3.71 K. Moreover, the estimated LST agrees well with ground-measured soil temperatures, with an R of 0.98.