Future Outlooks and Conclusions

This textbook has demonstrated that 3D-bioprinted in vitro tissue/organ models using tissue-specific bioinks open up exciting prospects in engineering a more realistic and predictable testing platform. Despite this potential, there are several concerns to be addressed. One of the main concerns is that the productivity and reproducibility of current bioprinted dECM-based tissue models are very limited; only one 3D tissue construct has been built using the 3D bioprinting system. In order to obtain highly accurate and reliable results applicable clinically, high-throughput screening on 3D-bioprinted tissue models should be considered. Because 3D bioprinting tissue models facilitate simultaneous incorporation of a high-contents and high-throughput system, an advanced technique focusing on high-throughput screening would be conducive to accurate prediction.