Immunohistochemical evaluation of Klotho and DNA methyltransferase 3a in oral squamous cell carcinomas

Carcinoma follows a course of multiple changes that are affected by several important factors, with epigenetic silencing of the promoter gene being one of them. A series of studies have suggested that epigenetic changes in the anti-aging gene Klotho may be one of the emerging areas of concern in the study of carcinogenesis. We hypothesized that epigenetic silencing of Klotho due to hypermethylation of DNMT3a may be one of the causes of carcinoma in the oral and maxillofacial region. In this study, we analyzed the immunohistochemical expressions of Klotho and DNMT3a in tissues obtained from oral dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Our results showed increased immune expression of DNMT3a, and decreased expression of Klotho in cells of the cancer tissues when compared with those in the dysplasia and healthy control samples. Chi-square tests complemented by adjusted residual analysis revealed significantly higher number of Klotho-positive and DNMT3a-negative cases in healthy controls, Klotho-negative and DNMT3a-negative cases in ODL, and Klotho-negative and DNMT3a-positive cases in OSCC when compared with the other types among the three groups (X 2 = 46.66, p < 0.001). Thus, downregulation of Klotho may be associated with the overexpression of DNMT3a in cancer tissues.