The association between lung function and arterial stiffness in young childhood

To the Editor: Several studies have shown that reduced lung function is a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality [1]. Precursors for cardiovascular diseases, like hypertension and arterial stiffness, are also associated with lower lung function, independent of sex or anthropometrics [2–6]. Currently, there is no explanation for these relationships. Systemic inflammation or traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as smoking and serum cholesterol, could not fully explain this relationship [4, 5]. Recent findings support the hypothesis that a common pathway exists between a decline in lung function and, subsequently, the development of arterial stiffness or hypertension [3, 6]. Suggested explanations were shared factors, like infections during childhood or postnatal growth, which could influence both lung function and arterial stiffness. However, little is known about the association between arterial stiffness and lung function, or about the influence of anthropometrics and environmental factors in early life. In this study, we aimed to assess whether an association between lung function and common carotid artery stiffness is already present in young healthy children. Participants of this study were children of WHISTLER (Wheezing Illnesses Study Leidsche Rijn), an ongoing birth cohort [7]. During visits at the ages of 5 and 8 years, information on the child and parents was gathered by a questionnaire, and weight and height were measured. Spirometry was performed conform the latest American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statements [8]. Ultrasonography of the a. carotis communis was performed according to previously described methods [9]. Both a lower distensibility and a higher elastic modulus indicate a stiffer artery. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee …